Thermal Springs at Vulcano Island

The thermal springs of Vulcano Island center on the Pozza dei Fanghi, a natural mud pool near the harbour of Porto di Levante fed by sulphurous vapours and briny volcanic water at a fairly constant 28°C, alongside the Acque Calde, a stretch of sea warmed by submarine fumaroles. The water is classified as sulphurous-salso-bromo-iodine and weakly radioactive, and has been used for therapeutic purposes since antiquity. The Aeolian Islands, including Vulcano, were inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2000 for their outstanding record of volcanic activity; the mud pool itself has been closed periodically since 2020 due to elevated volcanic gas emissions.